1Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University 2Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Sustainable Engineering, Pukyung National University
Received: August 21, 2025; Revised: September 28, 2025. Accepted: October 14, 2025.
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ABSTRACT
This paper introduces a method for estimating wave pressure on horizontal composite breakwaters that accounts for the effect of shoulder width. The influence of shoulder width on wave pressure was quantitatively assessed using experimental data obtained by varying the shoulder width of Tetrapod armor layers installed in front of the caisson in three different configurations. Physical experiments were performed with Tetrapods completely covering the caisson crest height, while only the shoulder width was altered. Analysis of the experimental results demonstrated a decreasing trend in horizontal wave pressure as shoulder width increased, with more pronounced pressure reduction observed in the upper portion of the caisson above the still water level. Since current design standards do not provide a method for estimating wave pressure on horizontal composite breakwaters covered with Tetrapods while considering shoulder width, this study proposes a wave pressure adjustment factor that incorporates shoulder width, by using the method presented by Oh and Lee (2020).
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